Two cases of typhoid fever confirmed on Tongatapu this week are currently under investigation by the Public Health Division of the Ministry of Health, which is urging the public to practise good personal hygiene.
The patients, two males aged 17 and 21 from the same household in Hofoa, were admitted to Vaiola Hospital. They were confirmed as typhoid cases on Wednesday and Thursday and are now reported to be in stable condition.
“They both developed fever and other symptoms two weeks before admitted to Vaiola Hospital on 16 and 17 January respectively. They are now in stable condition,” the Ministry of Health stated..
Case investigation and contact tracing alongside stool samples collection are undertaken to help ascertain the source of infection.
“All contacts had no symptoms and have put under surveillance with health advice also provided. At present, the evidence suggests a domestic cluster of infection possibly with intra-familial transmission – investigations are ongoing.”
Typhoid fever is caused by the bacteria Salmonella Typhi and the incubation period usually ranges from 7 to 21 days (may also be ranged from 3 to 30 days). It is transmitted by ingesting water and food contaminated by faeces or urine of patients or carriers. Onset of the illness is usually marked by fever, tiredness, chills, headache, nausea, and sometimes abdominal pain with or without diarrhoea. Severe cases may lead to serious complications or even death. Typhoid fever can be treated with antibiotics.
Preventive Measures:
- Ensure drinking water is safe and boiling
- Wash hands properly with soap under running water before eating or handling food, and after toilet or changing diapers
- Clean, wash and cook food thoroughly, cover cooked meals, and avoid street foods sold in unhygienic conditions
- Handle and store raw and cooked food especially seafood separately to avoid cross contamination
- Maintain good hygiene and proper sanitation practices.
The Ministry of Health urged the public to remain calm and follow the expert advice from the health professionals on the ground.
“We will continue to provide detailed information after thorough investigations, and institute measures to prevent further transmission and protect the lives within the affected areas and the country as a whole,” stated Dr Reynold ‘Ofanoa, CEO Ministry of Health.
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